Neural Crest Cells and their Derivatives
- As the notochord induces the transformation of surface ectoderm
to neuroectoderm, a multipotential middle cell layer develops
with characteristics of both cell types (N-CAM and L-CAM adhesion
molecules) as well as important future roles.
- These neural crest cells migrate dorsolaterally to form the
neural crest, a flattened irregular mass between the surface
ectoderm and neuroectoderm
- This layer will separate into right and left portions and
then migrate to different areas (Take some
time to become familiar with these now, because they will come
back in future units!)
Derivatives of Neural Crest Cells
Spinal ganglia (prevertebral/paravertebral)
Ganglia of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Ganglia of cranial nerves V, VII, IX, X
Sheaths of peripheral nerves
Meningeal coverings of brain and spinal cord
Pigment cells (melanocytes)
Adrenal medulla
Odontoblasts of tooth
Other components of head
Note: Failure of neural crest cells to migrate will result
in anomalies such as albinism, "elephant man," or oropharyngeal
teratoma. Remember, teratomas form from
disorganized, multipotential tissues such as the primitive
streak, neural crest cells and primary germ cells.
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